How to improve public health literacy based on polycentric public goods theory: preferences of the Chinese general population.

BACKGROUND: In the current era of big data, it is critical to address people's demand for health literacy. At present, the traditional mode of communicating scientific health knowledge and information technology is interchangeable, resulting in the emergence of a new mode of communicating health literacy. To publicize health education and health literacy in a targeted way, to meet the public's needs, and to understand how the public's demand for subjects, contents, and forms of health literacy service has changed in the era of COVID-19, the investigation of public's demand for health information and health literacy was conducted. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to understand the differences in demand for health literacy service providers, contents, channels, forms, and facilities among Chinese citizens with different genders, ages, education levels, economic conditions, and living environments, and to provide reasonable recommendations for developing public health literacy. METHODS: Questionnaire Star was used to conduct a large sample of random online surveys. In Wuhan, Hubei Province, 2184 questionnaires were issued, 8 invalid questionnaires were eliminated, and 2176 were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.6%. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was utilized to analyze the survey data. RESULTS: (1) In health literacy service providers selected by the public, the proportion of government departments or government collaboration with other institutions exceeded 73%, indicating that health literacy services are public goods; (2) access to health literacy services was lower in township areas than in urban areas (P < 0.001, 3) internet media and communicating with acquaintances, which have the highest popularity rate, were also the two channels that were least trusted by the public; and (4) the differences in contents and service channels of health literacy among residents with different genders, ages, education levels, economic status, and living environments were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: (1) It is recommended to establish an integrated health literacy service model with multi-center supply. Government departments, medical institutions, and media should cooperate effectively to provide health literacy services. (2) The government should pay attention to the fairness of health education and strengthen the supply of health literacy services in township areas. (3) It is critical to strengthen the public's ability to discriminate network information and pay attention to scientific thinking cultivation. (4) Health literacy service providers must focus on the differences between public demands and improve the connotation of health literacy services.

Food and Nutrition Education Using Intuitive Method and NOVA Food Classification: Implications for Food Practices of Children and Adolescents Intuitive Method in Food and Nutrition Education.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of food and nutrition education interventions based on the intuitive method (IM) proposed by Johaan Henrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) at different time periods on the food practices of children and adolescents. DESIGN: This was a prospective comparative intervention program assessed by a pre-post survey at shorter term (3 months) and longer term (6 months). SETTING: Two institutions that provide extracurricular social support for children and adolescents with social and economic vulnerabilities in the city of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The shorter-term intervention was conducted in Institution A and the longer term one conducted in Institution B. SUBJECTS: The sample consisted of 245 students aged between 5 and 14 years who attended the institutions. For each institution, they were divided into two groups (control and IM). INTERVENTION: We compared the effectiveness of the interventions performed by the IM or by expository actions (control) in both institutions. Interventions were focused on the guidelines of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and dealt with food choices, meal preparation, commensality, and obstacles to healthy eating. MEASURES: The assessed outcomes were food consumption according to NOVA food classification, cooking self-efficacy, and knowledge about food and nutrition. ANALYSIS: Paired t-tests were used to compare food consumption before and after interventions. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to analyze the outcomes on food and nutrition knowledge and cooking self-efficacy. RESULTS: Subjects receiving IM interventions decreased mean intake of ultra-processed food (3.56 to 1.50 portions; P< .001) and had greater odds of increasing self-efficacy with cooking (OR = 2,33-4,17). Both methods were effective regarding teaching about food and nutrition. Intervention period did not homogeneously impact these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of food and nutrition education interventions presented positive outcomes on the food practices of the participants. The IM is an alternative method to educate children and adolescents about healthy eating practices.

Implementation Factors and Teacher Experience of the Integrated Nutrition Education Program: A Mixed Methods Program Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: School-based programs are widely implemented to address childhood obesity. Despite the promise of these programs, evidence on their effectiveness is mixed. Adopting a dissemination and implementation (D&I) science focus utilizing mixed methods can provide a broader understanding and more robust details about these programs. The goal of this evaluation is to understand how implementation factors and teacher experience influence implementation success and outcomes of the Integrated Nutrition Education Program (INEP), an elementary school-based nutrition program, using a mixed-methods design. METHODS: Reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance (RE-AIM) framework guided the development of the evaluation and multiple methods were deployed. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the association between D&I construct variables within levels of influence and teacher perception of INEP impact from a quantitative end-of-year teacher survey. Follow-up qualitative interviews with teachers were analyzed using constant comparison analysis. RESULTS: Workload and burden emerged as significant factors related to implementation in the quantitative analysis. The follow-up qualitative data collection identified other factors teachers found important to the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of INEP. CONCLUSION: Results of this evaluation can be used to inform program improvement efforts for INEP and provide information on ways to promote reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of similar school-based health promotion programs.

[Anti-doping Activities and Comprehensive Health Support for Young Athletes].

In this study, we conducted a survey and interviews of young athletes to clarify the actual conditions of medication use and nutritional management (supplement use, etc.) with the aim of enhancing their health support. In addition, a second questionnaire was conducted for pharmacists working at medical institutions to clarify the actual situation of anti-doping (AD) activities by pharmacists, and examined the issues they face to support the health of athletes in the future. The results of the athletes' surveys revealed that the roles of pharmacists in AD activities was not recognized by athletes. In particular, the dissemination of AD education by pharmacists is considered to be critical. In future AD education, it will be necessary not only to provide knowledge of prohibited drugs, but also to provide self-medication support tailored to the individual needs of athletes, such as knowledge of nutrition and health. The results of the pharmacist survey revealed that athletes are treated by pharmacists on a daily basis, but for pharmacists, there are difficulties regarding how to provide information on AD, and it is necessary to enhance AD education at schools of pharmacy as well as in lifelong education seminars. Considering the pharmacists' AD activities as part of health support for athletes, it is considered more effective to collaborate with other health professionals such as sports doctors or nutritionists because it requires a wide range of knowledge such as nutrition.

[Why Did the Sports Pharmacists Create the Card Game?]

Anti-doping (AD) education for athletes is mainly one-way and through passively attended lectures. As such, learning about prohibited substances and highly technical doping rules is often difficult for athletes. Therefore, having athletes passively attending lectures is not enough to prevent unintentional doping violations caused by medicines and supplements. Therefore, it is important for athletes to acquire knowledge about individual prohibited substances as well as active learning and practical knowledge about AD measures. "Doping Guardian" is an educational card game that has been developed to help prevent unintentional doping violations. Participants (pharmacists) of this game can learn how to use medicines and supplements from an AD perspective while simulating the life of an athlete. This presentation will provide an overview of this card game and how it has been used to date.

Effectiveness of a Per-Meal Protein Prescription and Nutrition Education with versus without Diet Coaching on Dietary Protein Intake and Muscle Health in Middle-Aged Women.

Sufficient dietary protein intake is vital to maintaining muscle health with aging. Yet protein intake among adults is often inadequate. This study's main objective was to examine the impact of nutrition education (NE) and a per-meal protein prescription (PRx) with versus without diet coaching on protein intake. A secondary objective examined its effects on muscle health. Participants included 53 women, age 45-64 years. All participants received NE and PRx; those randomized to coached-group received 10-weeks of diet coaching. Assessments included: protein intake at baseline, weeks 4 and 12 and muscle health (muscle mass, grip strength, five-chair rise test, 4 mgait speed test). The Chi-square test examined percentages of participants meeting PRx between groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance assessed within group and intervention effects on protein intake and muscle health parameters. Protein intake (g/kg body weight) increased (p < 0.001): not-coached (n = 28) 0.8 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.3 and coached (n = 25) 1.0 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.3 with no significant difference between groups. A greater percentage of coached-group participants met (p = 0.04) breakfast (72%) and met (p < 0.001) three-meal (76%) PRx versus not-coached participants (25% and 53%, respectively). Participants in both groups exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) improved times for the five-chair rise test and 4 mgait speed test. Diet coaching in conjunction with a PRx and NE should be considered to assist individuals in improving protein intake through self-selection of protein-rich foods.

Práticas educativas em saúde junto aos familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde: revisão integrativa / Educational practices in health with families of children with special health nedds: integrative review / Prácticas educativas em salud con familias de niños con necesidades especiales de salud: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: identificar a produção científica sobre práticas educativas em saúde junto aos familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida em cinco recursos informacionais nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2021. Resultados: incluíram-se nove artigos na síntese qualitativa, dentre os quais a maioria foi nacional, com delineamento metodológico descritivo e com nível VI de evidência. As práticas educativas em saúde encontradas foram: atividades grupais como rodas de conversa e grupos de diálogo, tecnologias educacionais em formato de cartilha, além de práticas integrativas como massagem e atividades musicais. Conclusão: a literatura científica sobre a adoção de práticas educativas em saúde que auxiliem o cuidado domiciliar às crianças com necessidades especiais e suas famílias ainda é limitada, indicando-se a necessidade de produções que potencializem esta modalidade de assistência. Assim, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento de tecnologias educacionais voltadas para essa temática

Objective: to identify the scientific production on educational practices in health with the families of children with special health needs. Methods: integrative literature review developed in five informational resources in January and February 2021. Results:nine articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, among which the majority were national, with descriptive methodological design and level VI of evidence. The health educational practices found were: group activities such as conversation circles and dialogue groups, educational technologies in booklet format, in addition to integrative practices such as massage and musical activities. Conclusion: the scientific literature on the adoption of educational practices in health that help home care for children with special needs and their families is still limited, indicating the need for productions that enhance this type of care. Thus, the development of new research and development of educational technologies aimed at this theme is suggested

Objetivo: identificar la producción científica sobre prácticas educativas en salud con las familias de niños con necesidades especiales de salud. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura desarrollada en cinco recursos informativos en enero y febrero de 2021. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve artículos en la síntesis cualitativa, entre los cuales la mayoría fueron nacionales, con diseño metodológico descriptivo y nivel de evidencia VI. Las prácticas educativas en salud encontradas fueron: actividades grupales como círculos de conversación y grupos de diálogo, tecnologías educativas en formato folleto, además de prácticas integradoras como masajes y actividades musicales. Conclusión: la literatura científica sobre la adopción de prácticas educativas en salud que ayuden a la atención domiciliaria de los niños con necesidades especiales y sus familias es aún limitada, lo que indica la necesidad de producciones que potencien este tipo de atención. Así, se sugiere el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones y desarrollo de tecnologías educativas orientadas a esta temática

Novel Nutrition Education Approaches for Health Promotion: From Investigating Problems to Finding Solutions.

The aim of the Nutrients Special Issue "Implications of Nutrition Education, for Health, Behavior, and Lifestyle" is to publish original research articles and reviews that report the design and implementation of nutrition education intervention programs and their effectiveness in terms of lifestyle, health, and wellbeing [...].

Effect of Nutrition Education in NAFLD Patients Undergoing Simultaneous Hyperlipidemia Pharmacotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have a high prevalence of combined hyperlipidemia. The importance of nutritional education is well-known in NAFLD, but the impact of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is unclear in patients with NAFLD with hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of MNT on the improvement of steatohepatitis in patients with NAFLD taking antihyperlipidemic medications. METHODS: Nondiabetic patients with dyslipidemia were prospectively randomized (1:1) either to the MNT group or the control group with standard advice for 48 weeks with simultaneous statin/ezetimibe combination pharmacotherapy at three tertiary centers in Korea. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were enrolled. Among them, 18 patients dropped out and, overall, 48 patients (MNT group 27, control group 21) were prospectively analyzed in the study. The serum ALT level at 48 weeks between the two groups was not significantly different (66.6 ± 37.7 IU/L vs. 57.4 ± 36.7 IU/L, p = 0.40). Serum liver enzymes, controlled attenuation parameter and fibrosis-4 index were significantly improved within the MNT group after 48 weeks compared to baseline. There was no significant difference between the two groups other than the NAFLD fibrosis score (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of steatosis, metabolic and fibrosis surrogate indicators after 48 weeks, MNT groups showed significant improvement within patient analysis over time. Future studies with a larger number of subjects and a longer study period regarding the effect of MNT are warranted.

Education Interventions to Improve Knowledge, Beliefs, Intentions and Practices with Respect to Dietary Supplements and Doping Substances: A Narrative Review.

The misuse of dietary supplements and doping substances is commonly associated with toxicity, nutritional imbalances, and health and psychological consequences. This is alarming especially in light of the increasing prevalence of the use of dietary supplements and doping, particularly among young adults including athletes. There is evidence that education interventions can lead to improved knowledge, intentions, and practices. However, no review has summarized and evaluated the effectiveness of such interventions. The aim of this article is to review the characteristics, contents and effects of education interventions that were designed and implemented to improve knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and intentions with respect to the use of dietary supplements and doping agents in different populations. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Google Scholar were searched for English-language education interventions targeting dietary supplements and doping substances. A total of 20 articles were identified and have generally provided consistent findings. Most interventions reported a significant improvement in knowledge on dietary supplements and doping agents. Unfortunately, the heavy reliance on self-reported assessment tools limits the validity of these interventions, with almost all articles targeting athletes and adolescents.

Improving Vitamin D Intake in Young Children-Can an Infographic Help Parents and Carers Understand the Recommendations?

Vitamin D deficiency is a serious public health issue in the United Kingdom. Those at increased risk, such as pregnant women, children under 5 years and people from ethnic groups with dark skin, are not all achieving their recommended vitamin D. Effective vitamin D education is warranted. A qualitative study was undertaken to evaluate the acceptability and understanding of a vitamin D infographic, developed using recommendations from previous research. Fifteen parents/carers, recruited through local playgroups and adverts on popular parent websites, participated in focus groups and telephone interviews. The majority were female, White British and educated to degree level. A thematic analysis methodology was applied. The findings indicated that understanding and acceptability of the infographic were satisfactory, but improvements were recommended to aid interpretation and create more accessible information. These included additional content (what vitamin D is; other sources; its health benefits; methods/doses for administration and scientific symbols used) and improved presentation (eye-catching, less text, simpler language, more images and a logo). Once finalized, the infographic could be a useful tool to educate families around vitamin D supplementation guidelines, support the UK Healthy Start vitamins scheme and help improve vitamin D status for pregnant and lactating women and young children.

Themes in Train-the-Trainer Nutrition Education Interventions Targeting Middle School Students: A Systematic Review.

Context-appropriate nutrition education interventions targeting middle school students have the potential to promote healthy dietary patters that may help prevent unnecessary weight gain at a point in childhood development when youth experience increasing agency over their food choices. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesize themes in train-the-trainer approaches, intervention content and delivery, and youth receptivity across teacher, mentor, and peer-led nutrition education interventions that targeted middle school-age youth in urban, primarily low-income settings. A systematic, electronic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane CENTRAL, using fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 53 papers representing 39 unique interventions were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. A framework synthesis approach was used to organize the interventions into six categories and identify themes according to whether the intervention was classroom-based or out-of-school-based and whether adults, cross-age peers or same-age peers delivered the intervention. Ten of the interventions contained multiple components such that they were included in two of the categories. The review findings indicated that trainings should be interactive, include opportunities to role-play intervention scenarios and provide follow-up support throughout intervention delivery. Interventions targeting middle school youth should include positive messaging and empower youth to make healthy choices within their specific food environment context.

Process Evaluation of a Farm-to-WIC Intervention.

BACKGROUND: Despite the promise of farm-to-institution interventions for addressing limited vegetable access as a barrier to intake, programs designed for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are lacking. As such, little is known about the implementation of, and mechanisms of action through which, farm-to-WIC interventions affect vegetable intake and participant satisfaction with such programs. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a farm-to-WIC intervention to promote vegetable intake was implemented as intended, differences between participants who received the intervention relative to those in a usual-care control group in intermediate outcomes of vegetable-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, and secondary outcomes of physical activity and weight status; and participant satisfaction with the intervention. DESIGN: A process evaluation encompassing descriptive and comparative analyses of implementation fidelity logs and survey data collected as part of a pilot study was conducted. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The setting was a large, New Jersey-based, urban WIC agency. Recruited between June 3 and August 1, 2019 through 3 of the agency's 17 sites (1 intervention and 2 control sites), participants were 297 primarily Hispanic adults (160 enrolled at the intervention site and 137 at control sites). INTERVENTION: The intervention combined behaviorally focused instruction and handouts with the introduction of a WIC-based farmers' market, field trips to an area farmers' market, telephone coaching and support, and recipe demonstrations and tastings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were vegetable intake (measured via self-report and objectively using dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of intake) and the redemption of vouchers provided by WIC for fruit and vegetable purchases at farmers' markets (measured objectively using data provided by WIC). For the process evaluation, logs were used to document program activities. Vegetable-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, physical activity, and satisfaction with the intervention were assessed with participant questionnaires. Weight status was assessed with direct measures of height and weight. Data were collected at baseline and at mid- and post-intervention (3 and 6 months post-baseline, respectively). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Descriptive statistics were used to characterize implementation fidelity. Associations between intermediate and secondary outcomes and vegetable intake were examined at baseline with Pearson correlations. Post-baseline between-group differences in the outcomes were examined with linear mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline values and covariates. Satisfaction with the intervention was assessed with inferential and thematic analyses. RESULTS: Post-intervention, measures of vegetable intake were higher in the intervention relative to the control study group. Receipt of the intervention was also associated with a greater likelihood of voucher redemption. Nearly all participants (≥94%) received the intervention as intended at the WIC-based farmers' market; smaller percentages completed 1 or more planned trips to the area farmers' market (28%) and telephone coaching and support calls (88%). Although most intermediate and secondary outcomes were associated with measures of vegetable intake at baseline, the variables did not differ between study groups post-intervention. Mean satisfaction ratings were ≥6.8 on a 7-point scale. Recipe demonstrations, learning about vegetables, field trips, and the rapport with staff were liked most about the program. Although adding days and times for field trips was suggested, limited market days and hours of operation limited the ability to do so. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data highlight the promise of this well-received intervention. Intermediate outcome findings suggest that other potential intervention mechanisms of action should be considered in future large-scale trials of this program. Broad-scale initiatives are needed to improve access to farmers' markets in underserved communities.

Effect of education and muscle relaxation program on anxiety, depression and care burden in caregivers of acute stroke survivors: A randomized, controlled study.

ABSTRACT: This study intended to discover the effect of education and muscle relaxation (EMR) program on anxiety, depression and care burden among caregivers of acute stroke survivors.This randomized, controlled study enrolled a total of 110 caregivers of first-ever acute stroke patients, and randomly assigned to EMR (N = 55) and control (N = 55) groups. The caregivers in the EMR group received 12-month health education and progressive muscle relaxation, and those in control group were provided common rehabilitation advices. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale in caregivers were evaluated at the time of patients' discharge from hospital (M0), then at month(M) 3, M6 and M12 after the discharge.HADS-anxiety score, anxiety rate and severity were similar at M0, M3, while were reduced at M6 and M12 in EMR group compared to control group. Furthermore, HADS-depression score was similar at M0 and M3 but was decreased at M6 and M12 in EMR group compared with control group, however, there was no difference of depression rate and severity between the 2 groups at each time point. Moreover, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale score was similar at M0 and M3, but was decreased at M6 and M12; meanwhile, degree of care burden was similar at M0, M3 and M6, but was reduced at M12 in EMR group compared to control group.EMR program decreases anxiety, depression and care burden in caregivers of acute stroke survivors, suggesting its potential in improving mental health and further promoting quality of lives in these caregivers.

Pilot Study of a Farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Intervention Promoting Vegetable Consumption.

BACKGROUND: Vegetable intake is below recommended levels among adults served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a novel, theory-driven, farm-to-WIC intervention to promote vegetable intake showed promise of being successful and is therefore appropriate for efficacy testing. DESIGN: From June 2019 to January 2020, the intervention was piloted in three WIC agency sites (one randomized to the intervention study group and two to the control group) selected based on similarity in size and the demographics of participants served. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Recruited between June 3, 2019 and August 1, 2019, participants were 297 primarily Hispanic adults served by a large WIC agency located in a densely populated urban area in New Jersey (160 were enrolled at the intervention site and 137 at control sites). INTERVENTION: The intervention combined behaviorally focused instruction and handouts with the introduction of a WIC-based farmers' market, field trips to an area farmers' market, telephone coaching and support before and after trips, and recipe demonstrations and tastings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were vegetable intake (measured objectively using dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of intake and via self-report) and the redemption of vouchers provided through the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) for fruit and vegetable purchases at farmers' markets (objectively assessed using data provided by WIC). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Between-group differences in vegetable intake were examined at mid- and post-intervention (3 and 6 months post-baseline, respectively) with linear mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline vegetable intake and covariates. Logistic regression analysis was used to relate FMNP voucher redemption to study group and covariates. RESULTS: At mid-intervention, objectively measured vegetable intake was higher among participants in the control group as compared with the intervention group; self-reported intake did not differ by group. Post-intervention, objectively measured and self-reported vegetable intake were higher among participants in the intervention group as compared with the control group. Receipt of the intervention was associated with a greater likelihood of FMNP voucher redemption. Voucher redemption rates were 87% in the intervention group and 28% in the control group (odds ratio = 17.39, 95% confidence interval [8.64, 35.02]). CONCLUSIONS: Meaningful associations found between the intervention, vegetable intake, and FMNP voucher redemption suggest that the program is appropriate for efficacy testing.

Estratégias e ações do enfermeiro no incentivo ao aleitamento materno: revisão integrativa / Nursing strategies and actions on breastfeeding: integrative review / Estrategias y acciones de enfermería en lactancia materna: revisión integrativa

Objective:Identify the strategies and actions used by nurses to encourage breastfeeding. Method: integrative review conducted in the databases of the Virtual Health Library, Latin American and Caribbean Scientific and Technical Literature, Nursing Database and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, using the descriptors "nursing" AND "breastfeeding" AND "nursing care" AND "health education", January 2018. Results: the study consisted of 14 publications. Two categories emerged: "The practice of health education used by nurses to encourage breastfeeding" and "The promotion of family support as a strategy to encourage breastfeeding". Conclusion: this review showed how the strategies and actions used by nurses to encourage breastfeeding, the promotion of autonomy, health education actions, support network, strengthening the bond, prenatal consultations, guidelines, encouragement of family support. and counseling

Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no incentivo ao aleitamento materno. Método: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, da Literatura Científica e Técnica da América Latina e Caribe, Base de Dados de Enfermagem e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, por meio dos descritores "enfermagem" AND "aleitamento materno" AND "cuidados de enfermagem" AND "educação em saúde", em janeiro de 2018. Resultados: o estudo foi composto por 14 publicações. Emergiu duas categorias: "A prática de educação em saúde utilizada por enfermeiros no incentivo ao aleitamento materno" e "A promoção do apoio familiar como estratégia de incentivo ao aleitamento materno". Conclusão: esta revisão evidenciou como estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro no incentivo ao aleitamento materno, a promoção da autonomia, ações de educação em saúde, rede de apoio, fortalecimento do vínculo, consultas de pré-natal, orientações, incentivo ao apoio familiar e aconselhamento

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias y acciones utilizadas por las enfermeras para fomentar la lactancia materna. Método:revisión integral realizada en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Literatura Científica y Técnica de América Latina y el Caribe, Base de Datos de Enfermería y Análisis de Literatura Médica y Sistema de Recuperación en línea, utilizando los descriptores "enfermería" Y "lactancia materna" Y "atención de enfermería" Y "educación sanitaria", enero de 2018. Resultados:el estudio consistió en 14 publicaciones. Surgieron dos categorías: "La práctica de la educación sanitaria utilizada por las enfermeras para fomentar la lactancia materna" y "La promoción del apoyo familiar como una estrategia para fomentar la lactancia materna". Conclusión: Esta revisión mostró cómo las estrategias y acciones utilizadas por las enfermeras para fomentar la lactancia materna, la promoción de la autonomía, las acciones de educación para la salud, la red de apoyo, el fortalecimiento del vínculo, las consultas prenatales, las pautas, el estímulo del apoyo familiar y asesoramiento

Effects of choral singing versus health education on cognitive decline and aging: a randomized controlled trial.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine choral singing's effect on cognitive decline in aging. Older Singaporeans who were at high risk of future dementia were recruited: 47 were assigned to choral singing intervention (CSI) and 46 were assigned to health education program (HEP). Participants attended weekly one-hour choral singing or weekly one-hour health education for two years. Change in cognitive function was measured by a composite cognitive test score (CCTS) derived from raw scores of neuropsychological tests; biomarkers included brain magnetic resonance imaging, oxidative damage and immunosenescence. The average age of the participants were 70 years and 73/93 (78.5%) were female. The change of CCTS from baseline to 24 months was 0.05 among participants in the CSI group and -0.1 among participants in the HEP group. The between-group difference (0.15, p=0.042) became smaller (0.12, p=0.09) after adjusting for baseline CCTS. No between-group differences on biomarkers were observed. Our data support the role of choral singing in improving cognitive health in aging. The beneficial effect is at least comparable than that of health education in preventing cognitive decline in a community of elderly people. Biological mechanisms underlying the observed efficacy should be further studied.

Effect of the Information Support Method Combined with Yoga Exercise on the Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality of Menopausal Women.

BACKGROUND: Menopause is a special stage in a woman's life, but no safe clinical treatment exists against menopausal symptoms. To analyze the effect of the information support method combined with yoga exercise on the depression, anxiety, and sleep quality of menopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From June 2019 to December 2019, menopausal women who were newly recruited in three yoga clubs in three cities in East China were selected as the participants by convenience sampling. A total of 52 women were in the experiment group and 54 were in the control group. In 24 weeks, the experiment group engaged in yoga exercise for 60 minutes each time, three times a week. They group was given professional positive psychological information support at the same time. The Kupperman Menopausal Symptom Distress Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used before the experiment, three months into the experiment, and six months into the experiment to monitor the intervention effect on the participants. RESULTS: After the intervention, the symptoms of distress among menopausal women in the experiment group and the Kupperman score of the experiment group reduced significantly. Repeated measures of analysis of variance were conducted in the two groups (P<0.001). After the intervention, the depression score of the experiment group decreased significantly. A significant difference was found between the two groups in repeated measures analysis of variance in the SDS score (P<0.001). After the intervention, the anxiety score of the experiment group reduced significantly, and repeated measures of analysis of variance in the SAS score were conducted in the two groups (P<0.001). After the intervention, the sleep quality of the experiment group improved, and repeated measures of analysis of variance in sleep quality were conducted in the two groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The information support method combined with yoga exercise can alleviate the depression and anxiety of menopausal women, improve their sleep quality, and reduce their symptoms of menopausal distress.